The militarization of public security in Mexico: a constitutional analysis of the National Guard and its implications for human rights

Abstract

This article examines the constitutional implications of Mexico's National Guard (GN), focusing on the militarization of public security and its impact on human rights. It employs a legal-analytical approach using primary sources like the Mexican Constitution and international jurisprudence. Findings reveal militarization has led to systematic human rights abuses, such as arbitrary detentions and excessive use of force, exacerbated by military jurisdiction undermining civilian oversight and accountability. The article advocates for a transition to a civilian policing model, emphasizing human rights training and community engagement. Proposed reforms include investment in police resources, transparent accountability systems, and citizen participation. It stresses that effective reform must address structural deficiencies in the justice system and foster community cohesion. In conclusion, the current militarized approach threatens the rule of law and may perpetuate a culture of impunity, eroding public trust in state institutions. Prioritizing a security model that respects human rights and strengthens civilian institutions is fundamental.